Liberia

Flag of Liberia

Short Bio:

• Name: Republic of Liberia
• An UN-Member?: Yes
• Capital: Monrovia
• Continent: Africa
• Area: 1,11,369 sq.km
• Population: 4,105,000  (Approx)
• Religion: Indigenous beliefs-40%, Christian-40%, Muslims-20%
• Literacy: 56%  (Approx)
• Language: English, Tribal dialects
• Currency: Liberian Dollar
• Income (Per Capita): $396  (Approx)
• Avg life span: 45.8 years  (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 26^th July 1847  
• Government type: Republic 
• President: Ellen Johnson
• Prime minister: Sirleaf
• Chief Mineral Resource: Iron ore
• Principal Crop: Cassava, Coffee
• Main Industry: Food processing, Mining
• Main exports: Iron ore, Rubber
• Main imports: *

History:

• In December 1989 civil strife broke out in the country resulting its almost half of the population became refugee.
• Around 1,50,000 lost their lives. In 1994, a 17-member coalition transition govt was instituted.
• Ruth Perry led a Transition govt in September 1996.
• Thus Ruth Perry became Africa’s first female head of state.
• In July 1997, Charles Taylor won 75% of presidential vote and became the president.
• Charles Taylor was once a war-lord, who launched the civil war in Liberia.

Vatican City

Flag of Vatican-City

Short Bio:

• Name: Santo della Cittadel Vaticano (The holy See)
• An Un-Member?: No
• Capital: Vatican City
• Continent: Europe
• Area: 0.4 sq.km
• Population: 800  (Approx)
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Literacy: 100%  (Approx)
• Language: Latin and Italian
• Currency: Euro
• Income (Per Capita): *  (Approx)
• Avg life span: *
• Date of Independence: 11^th February 1929
• Government type: Ecclesiastical 
• Supreme Pontiff: Pope Benedict XVI ( Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger)
• Secretary of State: Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone
• Chief Mineral Resource: *
• Principal Crop: *
• Main Industry: *
• Main exports: *
• Main imports: *

Location:

• The Vatican is the smallest independent state (country) in the world.
• It is surrounded by Italian capital Rome.

History:

• It got independence in 11^th February 1929.
• Most of its population are priests and nuns.
• Vatican has its own railway station, coin, postal system and police.

Israel

Flag of Israel

Short Bio:

• Name: State of Israel
• An Un-Member?: Yes
• Capital: Jerusalem
• Continent: Asia
• Area: 20,772 sq.km
• Population: 7,708,900  (Approx)
• Religion: Jewish-76.5%, Muslim-16%, Christian-2.1%, Others-5.5%
• Literacy: 97.5%  (Approx)
• Language: Hebrew, Arabic
• Currency: New Shekel
• Income (Per Capita): $29,410  (Approx)
• Avg life span: 80.8 years  (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 14^th May 1948  
• Government type: Parliamentary Democracy 
• President: Shimon Peres
• Prime minister: Binjamin Netanyahu
• Chief Mineral Resource: *
• Principal Crop: Citrus fruits
• Main Industry: Wine-making, Textiles, Processed foods
• Main exports: Citrus fruits
• Main imports: *

History:

• In 1948 Israel came into being as a result of pressure of international reorganisation for a Jewish state.
• Thousands of Palestinians were displaced as a result of formation of Israel and many wars have been fought involving Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.
• Palestinians in west bank have lived under Israeli occupation since 1967.
• Israel evacuated its settlers from Gaza Strip in 2005 and withdrew its forces ending 40 years of military activity.
• In 1979 Egypt and Israel signed a peace agreement, but was followed after 1990.
• The years of uprising of the peace progress with Palestinians is known as ‘Intifada’
•     A ‘final status’ agreement is yet to be reached between Palestine and Israel.

Finland

Flag of Finland

Short Bio:

• Name: Soumen Tasavalta (Republic of Finland)
• An UN-Member?: Yes
• Capital: Helsinki
• Continent: Europe
• Area: 3,38,000 sq.km
• Population: 53,80,000 (Approx)
• Religion: Lutheran Church of Finland-82.5%, Orthodox Church-11%, Other Christian-5.4%, Others-1.1%
• Literacy: (Approx)
• Language: Finnish, Swedish
• Currency: Euro
• Income (Per Capita): $34,401 (Approx)
• Avg life span: 79.3 years (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 6^th December 1917
• Government type: Republic
• President: Ms Tarja Halonen
• Prime minister: Mari Kiviniemi
• Chief Mineral Resource: *
• Principal Crop: Grains, Potatoes
• Main Industry: Pulp and Paper, Ship building, Machinery, Leather industry.
• Main exports: Pulp and Paper ,(1/4^th of world’s paper exports)
• Main imports: *

History:

• Got independence on 6^th December 1917.
• It is a Baltic state and once it was a part of Russian Empire.
• More than 60% of its people live in urban area.

Chile

Flag of Chile

Short Bio: 

• Name: Republic de Chile ( Republic of Chile)
  
• An UN-Member?: Yes
• Capital: Santiago
• Continent: South America
• Area: 7,59,626 sq.km
• Population: (Approx)
• Religion: Christian-87.5%, Others-12.5%
• Literacy: 97% (Approx)
• Language: Spanish
• Currency: Chilean Peso
• Income (Per Capita): $14,950 (Approx)
• Avg life span: 78.7 years (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 18^th September 1810
• Government type: Republic
• President: Sebastian Pinera Echenique
• Prime minister: *
• Chief Mineral Resource: Copper
• Principal Crop: Wheat
• Main Industry: Fish processing, Textile, Wood industry.
• Main exports: Copper
• Main imports: It has to import 1/3^rd of its food.

Location:

• The Republic of Chile lies on Western seaboard of South America.
• It occupies strip of land between Peru and Bolivia in the North to Cape Horn in South.

History:

• It is the first South American country to elect a Marxist Govt.
• The govt fell in a military coup in 1973.
• Human rights violations were charged against Augusto Pinochet.
• Pinochet was arrested in London in 2000 and was put under house arrest.
• He was declared unfit to stand in trial in July 2001.

Dominica

Flag of Dominica

Short Bio:

• Name: Commonwealth of Dominica
• An Un-Member?: Yes
• Capital: Roseau
• Continent: North America
• Area: 750 sq.km
• Population: 67,000 (Approx)
• Religion: Christian-91%, Others-9%
• Literacy: 88% (Approx)
• Language: English, French Patois
• Currency: East Caribbean Dollar
• Income (Per Capita): $10,456 (Approx)
• Avg life span: 76 years (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 3^rd November 1978
• Government type: Parliamentary Republic
• President: Nicholas J.O Liverpool
• Prime minister: Roosevelt Skerrit
• Chief Mineral Resource: *
• Principal Crop: *
• Main Industry: Tourism
• Main exports: Bananas, Cocoa, Corpa
• Main imports: *

Location:

• The country lies in the Lesser Antilles in East Caribben.
• The island (country) is volcanic in origin.
• Most of population are Negroes, Mulatoes. Also Carib-Indians Live here.

History:

• Dominica was a British protectorate earlier.
• It got independence on 3^rd November, 1978.

Iraq

Flag of Iraq

Short Bio:

• Name: Republic of Iraq
• An Un-Member?: Yes
• Capital: Baghdad
• Continent: Asia
• Area: 4,38,446 sq.km
• Population: 31,468,000 (Approx)
• Religion: Muslim=97% (Shia-65%,Sunni-35%), Others=3%
• Literacy: 75% (Approx)
• Language: Arabic, Kurdish
• Currency: Dinar
• Income (Per Capita): $3600 (Approx)
• Avg life span: 60 years (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 3^rd October, 1932
• Government type: Transitional Government.(Under US control)
• President: Jalal Talabani
• Prime minister: Nuri Al-Maliki
• Chief Mineral Resource: Petroleum
• Principal Crop: Wheat, Barly
• Main Industry: Petrochemicals, Textiles, Oil Refining etc.
• Main exports: Dates (A type of fruit)
• Main imports: *

Location:

• Iraq is located in the Middle East.
• Iraq is the modern name of Mesopotamia. The word Mesopotamia is derived from two words, Meso and Potamia.
• Meso means=Middle
• Potamia means=River

History:

• It is the most ancient civilisation, which had influenced European and Asian civilizations.
• Iraq overran Kuwait in August 1990.
• An US-led coalition beat Iraq in February 1991.

Gambia

Flag of Gambia

Short Bio:

• Name: Republic of Gambia
• An Un-Member?: Yes
• Capital: Banjul
• Continent: Africa
• Area: 11295 sq.km
• Population: 1,7,51,470  (Approx)
• Religion: Muslim-90%, Christian-8%, Others-2%
• Literacy: 43% (Approx)
• Language: English, Mandinka, Wolof
• Currency: Dalasi
• Income (Per Capita): $1,972  (Approx)
• Avg life span: 59.5 years  (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 18^th February 1965
• Government type: Republic   
• President: Lt.Yahya Janmeh
• Prime minister: *
• Chief Mineral Resource: *
• Principal Crop: Peanuts
• Main Industry: Tourism
• Main exports: *
• Main imports: Textile, Foods, Manufactured Goods.

Location:The Gambia is the smallest African country. It is a narrow strip of land in West Africa extending from Atlantic Ocean. It is surrounded on three sides by Senegal.

History:

• It was a British colony.
• Gambia became independent state within commonwealth on February 18, 1981.
• Later it became Republic on April 1970.
• In July 1994 a military coup ousted President Dawda Jawara.( He was in power for 24 years)
• In August 1996, voters approved a constitution supporting democracy.

Sri Lanka

Flag of Sri Lanka

Short Bio:  

• Name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
• Capital: Colombo
• Continent: Asia
• An UN-Member?: Yes
• Area: 65,610 sq.km
• Population: 20,415,000 (Approx)
• Religion: Buddhist-69%, Muslim-7.7%, Hindu-7.1%, Christian-6.2%, Others-10%
• Literacy: 91%  (Approx)
• Language: Sinhala, Tamil, English
• Currency: Sri Lankan Rupee
• Income (Per Capita): $5104 (Approx)
• Avg life span(Years): 72.5 (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 4^th February 1948
• Government type: Republic
• President: Mahindra Rajapakse
• Prime minister: Dissanayake Mudianselage Jayratne
• Chief Mineral Resource: *
• Principal Crop: Paddy, Rubber, Tea and Coconuts
• Main Industry: *

History:

• The country was declared independent on 4^th February 1948.
• Republic of Sri Lanka was created on 22^nd May 1948.
• Prime Minister Bandaranike was killed in 1959.
• Constitutional reform in 1978 aimed at increasing stability by Presidential form of Government.
• Struggle between Singhalese and Tamils had devastated the peace of the country.
• An agreement was held between the Government and the Rebels in late 2002.
• The government withdrew the agreement in 2008.
• Troops captured northern-town of Kilinochchi, which was held by the Tigers (Rebels). For ten years.
• After some days the Tamil Tigers (Rebels) were declared defeated.

Afghanistan - Short Bio

Flag of Afghanistan

Short Bio:

• Name: Islamic State of Afghanistan
• Capital: Kabul
• Continent: Asia
• An UN-Member?: Yes
• Area: 647,497 sq.km
• Population: 29,117,000 (Approx)
• Religion: Sunny Muslim-80%, Shia Muslim-19%, others-1%
• Literacy: 28.4% (Approx)
• Language: Persian & Pushtu
• Currency: Afghani
• Income (Per capita): $998
• Avg life span: 44 (Approx)
• Date of Independence: 19^th Aug 1919
• Government type: Islamic Republic
• President: Hamid Karzai
• Prime minister: *
• Chief Mineral Resource: Natural Gas
• Principal Crop: Wheat
• Main Industry: Woolen & Cotton textiles

History:

• Pastun tribes were unified by Ahmad Shah and Afghanistan was founded on 1717 by him.
• Afghanistan got independence from British control in 1919.
• Soviet Union invaded to support Afghanistan communist regime in 1979.
• USSR withdrew in 1989 by the pressure of anti-communist Mujahedin rebels.
• After many wars Kabul fall to Taliban in 1996.
• In December 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first democratic president of Afghanistan.
• Karzai was re-elected as president of Afghanistan in November 2009 for the second term.

Some kinds of Phobias

Below are some common Phobias seen generally. Phobia means FEAR. There are many types of phobias, some fear books, some fear cats etc. However we don't know the names of each individual names of these phobias. Here I have prepared a list for different phobias.

1. Acrophobia →  Fear of HEIGHT
2. Agoraphobia→ Fear of OPEN SPACE
3. Algophobia →  Fear of PAIN
4. Ailurophobia→ Fear of CATS
5. Anthophobia→ Fear of FLOWER
6. Bacteriophobia→ Fear of BACTERIA
7. Bibilophobia→ Fear of BOOKS
8. Coitophobia→ Fear of SEX(Intercourse)
9. Cryophobia→ Fear of COLD
10. Cynophobia→ Fear of DOGS


11. Dromophobia → Fear of CROSSING THE ROAD
12. Extomophobia→ Fear of INSECTS
13. Gynophobia →  Fear of WOMEN
14. Hematophobia→ Fear of BLOOD
15. Hydrophobia → Fear of WATER
16. Lyssophobia → Fear of BECOMING INSANE(Very foolish, Mad)
17. Monophobia → Fear of BEING ALONE
18. Nyctophobia → Fear of DARKNESS
19. Ombrophobia → Fear of RAIN
20. Ophidiophobia→Fear of SNAKES


21. Phonophobia→ Fear of NOISE
22. Pyrophobia→ Fear of FIRE

I know all this. If you know more then tell me and I'll add it to the list